1. Metal additive manufacturing
Table 1
2. Wire arc additive manufacturing
Fig. 2

Table 2
3. WAAM of non-fer ous metals
3.1 WAAM of aluminum alloys
Table 3
Filler metal | Heat source | Heat input or input parameters | Dimensions of the product | Shielding gas | Interlayer interval or temperature control | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ER1100 | GMAW |
Welder power setting (unitless): 1 Travel speed: 10 mm/s |
105.6 × 53 × 4 × 25.4 mm (block) | Pure Ar (14.4 L/min) | Pause 1 minute after each layer | 16) |
ER4047 | ||||||
ER4043 | ||||||
ER4943 | ||||||
ER5356 | ||||||
ER5356 |
DC pulsed MIG/MAG |
- | 190 × 135 × 45 mm (block) | Pure Ar (20 L/min) | Below 50 and 100 ℃ | 17) |
ER2024 | CMT | Heat input: 118 J/mm | - (wall) | - | - | 15) |
ER4043 | CMT |
Current: 120-130 A Voltage: 20.4-21.4 V Travel speed: 10 mm/s |
- (wall) | Pure Ar (25 L/min) | Between 160-180 ℃ | 18) |
ER4210 | ||||||
ER4220 | ||||||
Al-5Mg | CMT |
Current: 156 A Volatege: 15.2 V Travel speed: 8 mm/s |
200 mm long (wall) | - | - | 19) |
Al-3Si |
Current: 115 A Volatege: 18.0 V Travel speed: 6 mm/s |
|||||
ER2319 | CMT-ADV and CMT-PADV* | 112.2 and 189.1 J/mm | 500 × 200 mm (wall) | Pure Ar (25 L/min) | - | 20) |
Table 4
Fig. 3

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

3.2 WAAM of Mg alloys
Table 5
Filler metal | Heat source | Heat input or input parameters | Dimensions of the product | Shielding gas | Interlayer interval or temperature control | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ31B | GMAW |
Current: 100 A Volatege: 10 V Travel speed: 400-800 mm/min |
40 × 60 × 35 mm (block) 140 × 25 × 35 mm (block) | Pure Ar (25 L/min) | Time interval: 20 seconds | 38) |
AZ31 | CMT and CMT-P |
Current: 125-350 A Voltage: - Travel speed: 600 mm/min |
250 × 150 (wall) | Pure Ar (18 L/min) | Time interval: 180 seconds | 11) |
AZ31 | GTAW |
Current: 65 A Pulse frequency: 1-500 Hz Travel speed: 600 mm/min |
100 × 10 mm (wall) | Pure Ar (20 L/min) | - | 39) |
AZ80M | GTAW |
Current: 75 A Pulse frequency: 8 Hz Travel speed: 300 mm/min |
- (wall) | Pure Ar (20 L/min) | Time interval: 160 seconds | 37) |
Fig. 7

Fig. 8
